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18年6月六級真題及解析

PART 1

“ 寫作 ”

卷一：

題目要求：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

解析：

本次考試總體來講，作文難度適中。以上題為例，要求舉例論證“相互理解與尊重在人際交往中的重要性”，難度適中。一方面，“……的重要性”是議論文話題作文典型的命題形式，同學們破題比較容易，另一方面題目與以往也有所不同，似乎要求大家論述“動力”和“學習方法”兩件事的重要性。

其實，結構上還是按照典型的議論文寫法, 分為三段，中間舉例論證添加合適的邏輯關系詞；在內容上稍作調整，首段陳述觀點時將兩者結合起來，中間段舉某一個角度的例子分別展開論述，結尾段提出對策和展望。只是在內容上可以根據題目稍作調整，在文章中將“動力”和“學習方法”兩者聯系起來即可。內容上可以借鑒以往作文中的句子，如2015年6月如“好奇心是最好的老師”等。

本次寫作的難點在于，題目中的兩者可能給大家造成困惑，分開論述時表達上不能很好的將兩件事聯系起來，以及在考場上臨場想不到合適的例子來支撐自己的觀點, 言之無物。另外，詞匯和語法等語言問題仍是導致大家失分的重要因素。

參考范文及分析：

Admittedly, motivation and proper methods are two determine factors in learning process. It is no exaggeration to say that they are not only significant but also necessary as no one will ever achieve success without the support of the two elements.

Countless examples have helped prove this truth. Yu Minhong, the founder of XDF took the University entrance exam three times in purpose of seeking a better life and started his career with setting up a training center that latter became very successful in pursuit of the education dream. Apparently, it is the fervent passion that has driven him on his way to success. In addition, he mentioned several times how efficient and helpful it is to learn English by means of reading a lot and memorizing new words publicly. Thus, there is no doubt that reasonable methods play a crucial significant role in learning.

As a college student, I consider that only by acquiring motivation and proper methods, can I obtain satisfied learning results. Therefore, parents and teachers are supposed to encourage their kids in daily life and help them develop good learning habits.（185words）

六級考試的卷面形式與四級一致，在難度上有所提升。但是只要跟隨老師在課堂認真學習，把握命題的規律，積累相應的詞匯和句型，寫作這個版塊是難不倒大家的。

本次六級考試中寫作這個版塊難度適中，上一次出現同樣類型的題目是在2018年6月，并不遙遠，題目中的詞匯也是六級考試的必備詞匯，不會看不懂題目，沒有思路或者無話可說。

本題屬于議論文話題作文中典型的題目，我們課上重點講解過，只要按照典型的議論文寫法, 配合課上給出的重點句型，不難取得合理的分數——其實，結構上還是按照典型的議論文寫法, 分為三段，中間舉例論證添加合適的邏輯關系詞；在內容上稍作調整，首段陳述觀點時將兩者結合起來，中間段從一個角度舉例子分別從“動力的重要性“”方法的重要性“展開論述，結尾段提出對策和展望。可以借鑒以往作文中的句子，如2015年6月如“好奇心是最好的老師”等。

首段:

首段用兩到三句話闡明觀點，用合適的副詞”Admittedly”和句型“It is no exaggeration to say that they are not only significant but also necessary as”說明“動力”和”方法“的重要性，同樣的副詞還有“undoubtedly”，同樣，句型可以靈活替換為“it is vitally important that”這樣的表達，但是注意語法正確，語句通順。

中間段:

中間段用2-5句話論證。舉例論述段落，先用“Countless examples have helped prove this truth. ”這樣的句型引出例子。之后舉例+論證，分別說明“動力”和“方法”的重要性。注意句子之間添加連接詞，呈現清晰的邏輯關系。中間適當運用詞匯替手段、以及并列句、復合句、賓語從句、定語從句和強調句等復雜句式，體現表達的復雜性和多樣性。

尾段:

As a college student, I consider that only by acquiring motivation and proper methods, can Iobtain satisfied learning results. Therefore, parents and teachers are supposed to encourage their kids in daily life and help them develop good learning habits.

結尾段與開頭段一樣，用2-3句話總結，一般可以從個人角度重新闡述觀點。最后根據已有的篇幅提出措施和展望，或只寫其中一點即可。

PART 2

“ 聽力理解 ”

整體評述

本次六級聽力的總體命題內容、出題思路和選項設計思路均和2016年6月聽力改革后的真題趨勢保持一致，即為難度穩中有升。

穩：聽力細節題依然占50%。所謂細節題就是按大綱要求以聽“到”為出題思路的題目，這類題目考查大家“抓住”原文、排除干擾的能力，重要特征為大面積“聽選一致”。

比如第一篇長對話的“婚禮現場的社交型聊天”，首先在出題思路上較為明顯地體現了大綱中“在社交場合可以聽懂多輪簡單話題的對話”的要求。

其次第一題正確答案的deal with a troublesome client在原文中反復出現三次，也和上課跟大家講的，“六級的細節題，是給一遍，再給一遍，還有第三遍”，當然較為簡單的出題方式是：三遍給一樣的。

比如2016.6真題中的market research，而這次是變換了不同的詞在原文中出現，原文第一次“difficult client”第二次“a nightmare”第三次“especially particular”。

這類大面積聽選一致的題，在六級聽力題中占比為半數。

比如Long Conversation 2 里，兩個人訪談話題為how to spend the college life，從第5題到第8題，幾乎每道題都是原文

第5題：be more responsible for what they do

第6題：behave like adults

第7題：respect your students commitments

只有第8題：conduct to their academic studies在對應原文時需要“聽懂”原文的整句“you shouldn’t allocate too much time to club activities unless they are related directly to your study”。可見“聽選一致”原則在細節題上應用的比例之高。

升：話題難度上升；詞匯難度上升。從段落聽力到講座聽力，其話題選擇均較為嚴謹，自然科學中的“mind and action”，社會話題的“go on a diet”，人文話題的“creation makes difference”等。其中心思想緊扣大綱，其題目和干擾項無懈可擊。

關于詞匯難度上升問題，我們上課時多次用真題趨勢給大家分析過（原話是“段落聽力和講座聽力的原文和選項里，出現了以往的閱讀詞匯。”）這些詞匯，有的和答案有關，有的有部分相關，還有的，完全無關。

上課時跟大家說過，這類詞匯的后面，多數會跟隨一句定語從句來解釋這個詞。

比如本次Passage 1開頭第一句的“unorthodox”這簡直是令人發指的詞匯，別說閱讀了，見也沒見過！但是，重要的來了！這個詞對大家做題沒！有！影！響！很大！別以為我在忽悠你，你接著聽啊，“whose minds wander outside traditional ways of thinking”給咱解釋了沒有？沒抓住是嗎，還停在“剛才有個詞兒沒聽懂，這是個啥”的蒙圈狀態里，又補了一句解釋“instead of refine old formulas, they invent new ones”。

這兩句是解釋了開頭那個“非常規的，非傳統的”，也就是說，開篇這個難詞兒，人家是想告訴你本篇的中心思想是“發明新的方式，帶來成功”，抓原文的“outside traditional”“invent new ones”即可知道“頭”在哪里，這樣后面的故事要講什么，心里也就大概有了數。

這樣第9題的答案，they break away traditional ways of thinking的出現，我們就能發現這是原文的摘要。所以大家記得，生詞出現是必然的，但這些生詞，多數都跟隨了解釋的句子，有時候是定語從句，有時候是for example，有時候是that is to say等這樣的句式，是不是咱上課說過的聽力的“信號詞”啊？所以，“聽到生詞不要慌，總有解釋來幫忙”。

個別點評

關于話題難度問題，整體來看，自然科學和經濟類是大家較為頭痛的，但是，重點來了，話題難度并沒有和篇章行文結構難度一起上升，也就是，結構沒變！

本次短文 2自然科學類，以豚鼠試驗開頭，推理出情緒導致身體變化，進而話題升華為思想和身體的關系，話題雖然不熟悉，但是其行文結構是一篇非常典型的六級觀點類、層層遞進式陳述的文章，通篇支持了一個觀點。

12題的they die almost instantly、13題的it has an instant effect on your body chemistry，都幾乎是原文再現。

只有14題需要一點聽懂原文并作出摘要的能力，原文的“It is impossible to be fearful, anxious and irritated and healthy at the same time”而且，原文還給后面緊跟補充了一句“It is not just difficult, it is impossible。”

總結出答案的“to enjoy good health while in the dark mood”。本次的講座1也是這個結構，通篇支持了“專家和初學者關注的不同”這個話題，通過鋼琴演奏家和籃球選手的舉例，最后用科技手段的eye-tracker，說明了“愈專注，愈精彩”的觀點，我們看到話題開篇即出，全文的問題都關注在細節上，問pianist，問basketball player，最后是on-line video，整個行文，中心突出，舉例恰當，題文同序。

這類題我們在做題時作為一個類別給大家做過練習。從本次題目來看，話題雖難，結構未變，出題點未變，關注原文細節和選項的對應性，一致性，依然是細節類題目的主要特征。

PART 3

“ 閱讀理解 ”

仔細閱讀第一篇

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passages.

Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI)will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity ”,and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.

Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI)at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”

While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge”, he said, “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AL. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one— Industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our civilisation.”

Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University , where Hawking is also an academic ,said that the centre came about partially as a result if the university’s Center for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.

AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions .As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting.” She said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”

The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.

46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?

A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.

B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.

C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.

D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.

47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?

A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.

B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.

C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.

D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.

48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?

A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.

B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.

C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.

D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.

49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?

A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.

B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.

C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.

D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.

50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?

A) They are much influenced by the academic community.

B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.

C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.

D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.

這一篇文章的話題比較接地氣，講述的是人工智能，并且文章開頭從霍金（Hawking）對于AI（人工智能）的擔憂開始講述，最后以科技行業巨擘馬斯克（Musk）的例子為結束。從題目設置而言，本篇文章最大特點就是強化了細節定位，不需要考生過度概括總結。這也呼應了四六級仔細閱讀“理解文章具體信息”這一考綱要求。

46. B It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.

細節匹配題：由題干中的“Hawking”和“artificial intelligence”定位到文章第一段的“either the best, or the worst thing”, B選項中的關鍵詞“blessing or disaster”為同義改寫。

47. C It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.

細節匹配題：由題干中的“LCFI”定位到第一段的最后一句和第二段。第一段最后一句提到“academic institute”就是和“LDFI”是同義指代，這一句的意思是“這個學術機構旨在研究人工智能對于我們文明和人類未來的重要性”這和C選項的“the destiny of humankind”人類命運是同義改寫的。此題的定位有些心機，需要考生真正理解“academic institute”和“LCFI”為同一個事，這種“同義不同形”的指代現象需要考生格外注意。

48. A The shift of research focus from the past to the future.

細節匹配題：由題干中的“welcome change”可以定位到第二段的最后一句話，其意思是“因此，這是受人歡迎的改變，人們開始（由過去）轉向研究智慧生命的未來”這句話的關鍵是“過去到未來的轉變”，選項中只有A選項是符合的。

49. D Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.

細節匹配題：由題干的“concern”和“Hawking”定位到第三段首句，考生需要注意，若只關注題干中的“Hawking”而忽略了“concern擔憂”的定位，則會錯誤地定位到第三段的后面內容。第三段第一句的關鍵信息是“如果人類創造超級智能的話，那么人類可能會造成自我毀滅”，與這一信息最匹配的就是D選項了。

50. C They share the same concern about AI as academics

細節匹配題：由題干的科技企業家定位到最后一段，最后一段的首句就說“并非只有學術界擔憂人工智能”然后以科技巨擘Musk為例描述科技行業的憂慮，說明科技行業和學術行業的擔憂是一致的，因此選擇C選項。

仔細閱讀第二篇

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups(初創公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.

That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.

“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,” says Rodriguez.

But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻將).

Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having diner, having lunch,” all works better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something — there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”

Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.

Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez hat it might be good for someone, but not for her.

“I have the computer and Facetime, which I talk with my family on,” she explains. She also has an iPad and I smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”

To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技術的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.

Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”

And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?

51What does the passage say about the startups?

A) They never lost time in upgrading products for seniors

B) They want to have a share of the senior’s goods market

C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products

D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors

52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to______.

A) have an interview with potential customers.

B) conduct a survey of retirement communities.

C) collect residents’ feedback on their products.

D) show senior residents how to use IT products.

53. What do we know about SentabTV ?

A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.

B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.

C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.

D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.

54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?

A) Winning trust from prospective customers.

B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.

C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.

D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.

55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?

A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.

B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.

C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.

D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.

答案：

51. B) They want to have a share of the senior’s goods market

52. C) collect residents’ feedback on their products.

53. D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.

54. A) Winning trust from prospective customers.

55. B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.

解析：

51. B) They want to have a share of the senior’s goods market

定位：由題干中“the startups”定位到第一段第一句“The market for products designed specifically

for older adults could reach $30 by next year, and startups want in on the action”

解析：同義替換。答案中“They want to have a share of the senior’s goods market”中的“goods market”對應原文定位處“The market for products”，答案中“the senior’s”對應原文中“for older adults”，答案中“They want to have a share ”對應原文中“startups want in on the action”

52. C) collect residents’ feedback on their products.

定位：由題干中“Some entrepreneurs”和“ Brookdale”定位到第一段“So Brook-dale,... has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs”

解析：同義替換。答案中“collect residents’ feedback ”對應原文定位處的“hear what the residents have to say. ”，答案“on their products”對應原文定位處“show off their products”

53. D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.

定位：由題干中“know about SentabTV ”定位到第二段“Sentab TV, enables older adults...”

解析：理解替換。答案中“a communication system”對應原文定位處的“not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media”，答案中“via TV instead of a computer”對應原文定位處的“not be comfortable with computers... using just their televisions”

54. A) Winning trust from prospective customers.

定位：由題干中“Rodriguez”和“important in promoting products”定位到第五段“Rodriguez says it’s important that ”

解析：理解替換。答案中“Winning trust ”對應原文定位處的“When they get to know me and to trust me”，答案中“from prospective customers”對應原文定位處的“there’ll be more honest feedback from them”

55. B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.

定位：由題干中“ the seniors in the Brookdale community”定位到第九段“... seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community”

解析：理解替換。答案中“quite at ease”對應原文定位處的“Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles... People are more tech-proficient than we thought”，答案中“high-tech products”對應原文定位處的“tech-proficient”

選詞填空及段落匹配

Section A

Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word. for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choice, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter .Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use of the words in the bank more than once.Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 ,to cut calories ,prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.

The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.

But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilometer over four months.The reviews found that pasta had been unfairly demonized(妖魔化）because it had been 30 in with other,more fat-promoting carbohydrates.

“The study found that pasta didn’t 31 to weight gain or increase in body fat,” said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. “In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weight outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.” In fact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss. So 34 to concerns, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.

Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.

A) adverse I) minimum

B) championed. J) radiating

C) clinical. K) ration

D) contrary. L) shooting

E) contribute. M) subscribe

F) intimate. N) systematic

G) lumped. O) weighing

H) magnified

整體評述

本篇文章的理解難度和往年持平，15個單詞的新詞數量也不多，少量詞匯比如shoot（發射；上升）可能會對考生理解產生障礙。從文章選材上，本篇文章講述了研究人員顛覆大眾認知，證明吃pasta（意面；面團）這種碳水化合物是無關體重輕重的。吃貨們看到這篇文章應該是蠻開心的。文章結構也是總分總的傳統形式，開頭先講大眾的刻板看法，再用新研究顛覆；中間部分進行論述；然后結尾呼應開頭，進行總結。

個別點評

26 I minimum

此空根據語法結構判斷需要一個名詞；再根據第一段語境，表明長期以來營養學家倡導人們少攝入pasta（意面），因此符合語境的名詞為minimum最低限度。

27 L shooting

此空可以根據排除法。語法結構“stop doing”表明此空需要動詞ing形式，篩選后所給詞還剩下J radiating傳播，以及L shooting發射。語境表明此空需表明血壓升高，且能和介詞up搭配，選擇 shoot up，表示迅速上升。

28 H magnified

此空可以先根據語法結構判斷所填V-ed形式的單詞。然后發現該句沒有提供足夠的語境信息，因此與上句聯系，上一句其實表明“低碳水化合物飲食”倡導運動是言過其實的，因此選擇magnified表明專家們呼吁不吃意面而吃蔬菜是夸大的。此空較難。

29 N systematic

此空根據語法結構需要形容詞，修飾對象是review and analysis。選詞填空中，對于同一對象的修飾成分需要“互相連貫“，在之后有個”of 30 studies“表明這是一系列的評估和分析，選擇systematic表示“系統的”最合適。

30 G lumped

此空所缺動詞，句意理解較難。此句話意思是pasta被妖魔化，認為它會和其它更多脂肪-碳水化合物結合起來。而所給單詞中能和介詞in搭配表示“結合”的是lump，其作為動詞表示“混合；結塊”。

31. E contribute

此空較為簡單，句意理解為“pasta沒有導致體重增加……”，而能和介詞to搭配的表示“導致”的就是老面孔“contribute to”這一結構了。這一個空再次提醒考生，選詞填空的設空難度沒有前后難易遞增或遞減之說。

32. O weighing

此空為本篇文章最難的一題，根據語法結構，最合適的為v-ing形式。篩查后所給單詞剩下J/L和O。根據句意理解，此句話意思是“？證據，我們現在可以有些底氣推定……”，選擇weighing，表示“在考慮之后，我們現在有底氣說pasta和體重增加沒有關系”。

33. A adverse

此空和32題構成“姊妹題”，這樣的選項設置往往是“一空難、一空易”。這句話表明“證據表明了pasta對于體重沒有____作用“，雙重否定，應該填入表示不好的形容詞，篩選后，填入adverse 不利的最合適。

34. D contrary

此空為簡單的詞組搭配題，contrary to concerns, 表示“和人們的擔憂相反”。選詞填空的短文一般是“顛覆人們常識或者與大眾現象唱反調”的文章，并且是總分總結構，因此開頭或者結尾常常表示“和大眾所認為的不同”。

35. C clinical

此空所缺形容詞，難點是trial這個單詞的理解，其表示“試驗；嘗試”。所給單詞中能和trial搭配的慣用表達為“clinical trial”表示為“臨床試驗”。如果考生在現場沒有重復的詞匯量，第二種方法是結合上下句，后一句表明這些人在特定時間內攝入特定的pasta，這是在描述一種試驗現象，填入clinical 較合適。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks

A) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The internet is apparently taking down yet another industry .Brick and mortar stores (實體店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.

B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent “surge” would be misleading .It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.

C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.

D) So, despite all the talk about drone(無人機) deliveries to your doorstep ,all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online ,and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a “huge antitrust problem,” the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise . What’s the real story?

E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting “reinvented,” as we describe in our new book Matchmakers . It’s standing in the path of what Schumpeter called a gale(大風) of creative destruction. That store bas been brewing for some time , and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently , “We’re frankly scratching our heads”

F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted .In the peak of the http://dot.com bubble ,brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly. The http://dot.com bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.

G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.

H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep. Apple’s massively successful brick-and -mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number Of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.

I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called “Internet Time”. Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight(后見之明），it looks like the internet will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity.B2Bcommerce,for example, didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000,not even by 2016,but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.

J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.

K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.

L） So far,the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are having the same problem that newspapers have had. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.

M) A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stocking price to surge, while Macy’s Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament(哀嘆)，“Growth here is too slow.” Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one-click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn't get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.

N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, pant of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep look into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with "non-store retailers” like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways, but they have chosen not to.

O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear any time soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter.

36. Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.

37. Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.

38. Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.

39. Internet-driven changes in the retail industry didn't take place as quickly as widely anticipated.

40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.

41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.

42. Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the http://fot.com bubble burst.

43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.

44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as the yellow pages.

45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.

答案：

36.M

37.G

38.D

39.I

40.C

41.H

42.F

43.O

44.A

45.K

解析：

36. Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.

題干中nearly half of the internet retailers對應 M 段中Almost half of the sites，題干中a recent survey對應 M 段中A recent study

37. Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.

題干中Innovative retailers 對應 G 段中Creative retailers，題干中create new retail models對應 G段中innovate just about everything

38. Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.

題干中the Census data對應 D 段the Census data，題干中the value of physical retail's stocks對應D 段physical retail is thriving

39. Internet-driven changes in the retail industry didn't take place as quickly as widely anticipated.

題干中Internet-driven changes對應 I段中many widely anticipated changes，題干中didn't take place as quickly 對應 I 段中weren’t quick

40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.

題干中Statistics 對應 C 段中data，still made up the lion’s share of the retail business對應 C 段中brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales

41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.

題干中successfully combine online and offline business models對應 H 段中blending online and offline experiences in creative ways，題干中a big concern for traditional retailers對應H 段中what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night

42. Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the http://dot.com bubble burst.

題干中the http://fot.com bubble burst對應 F 段中The http://dot.com burst，題干中faith in their business was strengthened對應 H 段中conventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased

43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.

題干中be here to stay for quite some time對應 O 段中still be on the scene in a decade or two

44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as the yellow pages.

題干中physical retail stores對應 A 段中Brick and mortar stores (實體店)，題干中suffer the same fate as the yellow pages對應 A 段中 be going the way of the yellow pages

45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.

題干中The wide use of smartphones對應 K 段中The rise of the mobile phone，題干中for traditional retailers to reinvent their business對應 K 段中retail reinvention

PART 4

“ 翻譯 ”

卷一：

原題：

漢語現在是世界上用作本族語人數最多的語言。漢語與西方語言的一個重要區別在于它是以方塊字而不是字母構成的。目前仍然在使用的書寫系統中，漢語是最古老的。在中國，來自不同地區的人可能聽不懂對方的方言，但由于漢字有統一的書寫形式，他們交流起來幾乎沒有任何困難。漢語歷史上對團結中華民族發揮了重要作用。今天，隨著中國經濟的快速增長和全球影響力的增加，越來越多其他國家的人也開始學習漢語。

解析：

近年來六級翻譯始終圍繞著中國國情出題，從2017年的三大湖，到2018年的交通工具，再到今年2019年的學漢語（其實16年考過），這些中國特色的主題相對用詞簡單，用之前新東方給大家總結的翻譯高頻詞匯就能搞定，但是在構句上有些許難度，不可以直接按照原文詞序蒙頭翻譯，需要同學們動點腦筋去抓出句子的主干。

今年的六級翻譯題其實非常簡單，沒什么生詞，結構也很清晰，唯一的難點可能就在第一句——“漢語現在是世界上用作本族語人數最多的語言”。

這句話的難點在于，句子的定語部分難以處理，本句乍一看主干齊全，又看到句子的定語（世界上用作本族語人數最多的）中含有動作，是一個標準的定語從句，貌似很容易翻。但真到了下手的時候卻發現這個“人數”起到了非常大的阻礙作用，根本沒辦法順暢地翻譯成從句。因此，同學們需要轉換思路，想想，什么叫“將其用作本地語言的人”？不就是native speakers嗎。因此我們可以將原文轉化成“中文是世界上擁有最多native speakers的國家”，這么轉化以后，本句再無任何難點，甚至連從句都不需要用到。

參考譯文及詳解：

1) 漢語現在是世界上用作本族語人數最多的語言。

分析：本句主句是“漢語是一種語言”，從句是“將這種語言用作本族語言的人數最多”，我們驚奇地發現，從句中的定語（標黃部分）居然又可以拆分出一個從句，這下就很麻煩了，因為從句中套從句難度又高，翻出來又不美觀，因此需要適當轉換思路。請同學們想想，什么叫“說本族語的人”？英文當中其實有個很簡單的表達就能說清楚，叫做native speaker，因此這句話的中文可以轉化為“漢語是世界上擁有最多native speaker的語言”，主干是“漢語是語言”，另外還多了個“有”，可以用with的結構處理，輕松搞定。

翻譯：Chinese is now the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world.

2) 漢語與西方語言的一個重要區別在于它是以方塊字而不是字母構成的。

分析：本句的主干不難判斷——“區別是（它是以方塊字而不是字母構成的）”，但是這個表語成分是完整句，不能直接加上去，完整句怎么變成名詞？很簡單，加一個that就行了。因此完整句的結構非常簡單——

結構：重要區別（between 漢語與西方語言） is that (它是以方塊字而不是字母構成的)。

翻譯：An important difference between Chinese and Western languages is that they are made up of character instead of letter.

3) 目前仍然在使用的書寫系統中，漢語是最古老的。

分析：本句主干為“漢語是最古老的”，狀語為“在書寫系統中”，狀語中又包含一個從句“目前仍然在使用的”，翻譯起來非常簡單。

翻譯：Among the writing systems that are still in use, Chinese is the oldest.

從句精簡一下，可以翻成——Chinese is the oldest writing system still in use.

4) 在中國，來自不同地區的人可能聽不懂對方的方言，但由于漢字有統一的書寫形式，他們交流起來幾乎沒有任何困難。

分析：本句的結構非常簡單——

句1：人聽不懂方言，but

句2：because 漢字有形式，

句3：他們沒有困難。

翻譯：In China, people from different regions may not understand each other’s dialects, but because Chinese characters have a unified writing style, they have almost no difficulty in communicating.

5) 漢語歷史上對團結中華民族發揮了重要作用。

分析：主干很簡單——漢語歷史發揮作用 in 團結中華民族。注意詞性，本句迎刃而解。

翻譯：Chinese history has played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation.

6) 今天，隨著中國經濟的快速增長和全球影響力的增加，越來越多其他國家的人也開始學習漢語。

分析：本句中，“隨著”后面的“中國經濟的快速增長”和“全球影響力的增加”都是名詞，因此不能用as（as表示“隨著”，只能連接兩個完整句），只能用with。后半句中，“其他國家的人”，其實就是“外國人”，foreigner就足以概括。

翻譯：Today, with the booming of China's economy and growth of its global influence, more and more foreigners have begun to learn Chinese.

2018六級真題六月真題預覽

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onthe importance of building trust between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.

【參考范文】

It is universally acknowledged that trust is one of the most valuable assets for interpersonal communication. However, it is not uncommon to have misunderstanding and generation gap between teachers and students. with the current trend of communication becoming necessary and indispensable in this ever-changing modern society, building trust is of great significance.

In order to set up the credibility between teachers and students, on the one hand, as teachers, we should sincerely deal with the students’ problems and difficulties, comprehending their necessities. On the other hand, as students, it is necessary that more understanding and respect should be given. Becoming good friends to have the trans-positional consideration each other can build a harmonious atmosphere.

Only in this way, would the relationship of trust between teachers and students be established effectively. When students encounter the difficulties and problems, they would be willing to turn to their respected teachers, whereby the education development in our country could have a further step.

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

暫缺選項

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.

Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27 comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.

A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day become so 29 that they’ll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with speed and care.

And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be like having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one--or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk’s imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.

That is why we welcome Mr. Musk’s latest 35 , and wish him well. As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.

A)amassed

B)casual

C)emotional

D)enabling

E)eventually

F)exaggerated

G)extravagant

H)generously

I)misleading

J)precious

K)reward

L)smart